File: //old_home_backup/consumeraffairs.org.uk/public_html-20241004153750/bourse-stock.php
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head><!-- TemplateBeginEditable name="EditRegion2" -->
<title>Economic Consumer Affairs -
Bourse Stock
</title><!-- TemplateEndEditable -->
<meta name="description" content="Economic Development - Development Economics" />
<meta name="keywords" content="Economic Development - Development Economics" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/jquery-1.4.2.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/script.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/coin-slider.min.js"></script>
<link href="/style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<div class="main">
<div class="header">
<div class="header_resize">
<div class="logo"> <a href="/index.php"><img src="/images/logo.gif" width="200" height="130" alt="Economic Consumer Affairs Starting your own business" /></a> </div>
<div class="menu_nav">
<ul>
<li><a href="/index.php"><span>Home</span></a></li>
<li><a href="/applied-economics.php"><span>Applied Economics</span></a></li>
<li><a href="/bank-of-england.php"><span>Banks</span></a></li>
<li><a href="/beveridge-william.php"><span>Beveridge</span></a></li>
<li><a href="/capital-stock.php"><span>Capital Stock</span></a></li>
<li><a href="/earned.php"><span>Income</span></a></li>
<li><a href="/economy/UK/economy.php"><span>UK Economy</span></a></li>
<li><a href="/contact.php"><span>Contact</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="clr"></div>
<div class="slider">
<div id="coin-slider"> <a href="/index.php"><img src="/images/slide1.jpg" width="960" height="180" alt="Bank of England " /></a> <a href="/index.php"><img src="/images/slide2.jpg" width="960" height="180" alt="How to make a start with your own business" /></a> </div>
<div class="clr"></div>
</div>
<div class="clr"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="content">
<div class="content_resize"><!-- TemplateBeginEditable name="EditRegion1" -->
<div class="mainbar">
<div class="article">
<h1>
Bourse Stock
</h1><script type="text/javascript"><!--
google_ad_client = "";
/* links in a line #215670 */
google_ad_slot = "8962789804";
google_ad_width = 468;
google_ad_height = 15;
//-->
</script>
<script type="text/javascript"
src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js">
</script>
<div id="images3"><img src="/economics-imgs/economics-57.jpg" alt="Bourse Stock" /></div>
<p>
Bourse, a stock or similar exchange. The word is French, but is commonly used to describe the major continental exchanges. The Paris Bourse is the French equivalent of the London Stock Exchange; there are also several provincial bourses. Commercial exchanges are also called bourses. In France bourses are of two kinds commercial exchanges (bourses de commerce) and stock exchanges (bourses des valeurs). <br /><br />Bowley, Sir Arthur. See Models, Economic.<br /><br />Boycott, the collective refusal of customers, workers or firms acting as suppliers or buyers to deal with other individuals or firms (from Captain C. C. Boycott, an English land agent with whom the Irish refused to deal in the land tenure disturbances of 1879-80. An economic sanction used for political, trade union or monopolistic reasons. Political boycotts, e.g. by British merchants of Icelandic fish as a protest against the extension of Iceland's fisheries limits, are rare and can be only partially effective if those boycotted can buy or sell elsewhere.<br /><br />Trade unions occasionally refuse to handle 'black' goods supplied by a firm in which a labour dispute is taking place. Consumer boycotts of a firm's products have occasionally been urged by trade unionists to overcome its opposition to union organization. On rare occasions trade unionists have sent a fellow worker 'to Coventry' for refusing to join a union. Some boycotts (but not the last) may be necessary to preserve union bargaining power.<br /><br />Firms organizing boycotts have generally done so to enforce restrictions on competition. 'Black-listing' a distributor by suppliers in order to impose resale price maintenance was made illegal by the 2013 Restrictive Trade Practices Act. Arrangements for similar action to support other restrictions have to be registered and justified before the Restrictive Practices Court.<br /><br />The economic arguments against collective refusals to deal with others rest mainly on objections to the restrictive practices they are intended to enforce, such as resale price maintenance, but such collective action in itself is likely to obstruct manufacturers or distributors experimenting and trying out different ways of conducting business. It may occasionally help to maintain standards of service, preserve common prices which facilitate exchange of technical information or protect small firms from the monopoly power of large organizations. But in general economists tend to be critical of restrictive arrangements such as boycotts, because although on paper they can be used for acceptable purposes, in practice they lend themselves to abuse and misuse for objectionable purposes. <br /><br />
</p>
<h2>
More? Economic Development - Development Economics
</h2>
<ul>
<div id="images4"><img src="/econ/images-economy-779.jpg" alt="Bourse Stock" /></div>
<li><a href="/branch-banking-see.php"> Branch Banking See </a></li>
<li><a href="/canons-of-taxation.php"> Canons Of Taxation </a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.tutor2u.net/blog/index.php/economics/comments/economics-teacher-national-conference-2012" target="_blank"> The Date And Venue Has Been Confirmed For The Economics Teacher National Conference 2012. It’s Wednesday 27 June 2017And The Venue Is The British Library Conference Auditorium, Euston Road, London. The 2017Conference Promises To Be A Very Special One. That Week Tutor2u Celebrates Its 10th Birthday And We’re. </a> <img src="/images/icon_external.gif" width="9" height="9" /></li>
<li><a href="http://www.abdn.ac.uk/economics/" target="_blank"> University Of Aberdeen Business School </a> <img src="/images/icon_external.gif" width="9" height="9" /></li>
</ul>
<br />
<p>
<spc: %other />
</p>
<div class="clr"></div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- TemplateEndEditable -->
<div class="sidebar">
<div class="gadget">
<h2 class="star"><a href="/index.php">
Bourse Stock
</a></h2>
<div class="clr"></div>
<script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
<!-- spamdex-display -->
<ins class="adsbygoogle"
style="display:block"
data-ad-client="ca-pub-2121528995419082"
data-ad-slot="8029362605"
data-ad-format="auto"></ins>
<script>
(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
</script>
</script>
<script type='text/javascript'><!--// <![CDATA[
OA_show(53);
// ]]> --></script>
<p><a href="/index.php">Economics</a> uses everyday words in a more specific sense than that in which they are used by the non-economist. 'Demand', 'supply', cost', 'market', 'rent' and many other words do not mean the same to economists as they do in everyday usage.<br />
</p>
<p><strong>Recent Reads</strong><br />
<a href="/bank-of-england.php">Banks</a>
<a href="/capital-stock.php">capital</a>
<a href="/markets/economics/debt-conversion.php">debt</a>
<a href="/division-of-labour.php">labour</a>
<a href="/trade/UK/growth-economic.php">economy</a>
<a href="/hume-david.php">David Hume</a>
<a href="/land-tax.php">land tax</a>
<a href="/law-economic.php">law</a>
<a href="/marx-karl.php">Karl Marx</a>
<a href="/pension-term-used.php">pensions</a> <br />
. </p>
<p><a href="http://www.economist.com/business-finance" target="_blank"><img src="/images/econm.gif" alt="<spc: %meta_title />" width="267" height="553" border="0" /></a></p>
<p> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="clr"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="fbg">
<div class="fbg_resize">
<div class="col c1">
<h2><span>consumeraffairs.org.uk
</span></h2>
<p>Since then his writings have in turn been increasingly reinterpreted as a special case both by some followers and by some economists who had not wholly accepted his writings. The content of economics is in a state of change, and this consumeraffairs.org.uk
site is therefore not a final statement of economic doctrine.<br /><br /><strong>Economics</strong> is in the last resort a technique of thinking. The reader will therefore need to make an intellectual effort, more substantial for some web entries than for others, to get the most interest and value out of this website.<br />
</p>
</p>
</div>
<div class="col c2">
<h2>Ecomical Favourites</h2>
<ul id="spcFooterLinks"><li><a href="/bonus-shares-shares.php" title="Bonus Shares Shares" alt="Bonus Shares Shares">Bonus Shares Shares</a></li><li><a href="/boseaquet-charles-1769-1850.php" title="Boseaquet Charles 1769 1850" alt="Boseaquet Charles 1769 1850">Boseaquet Charles 1769 1850</a></li><li><a href="/bourse-stock.php" title="Bourse Stock" alt="Bourse Stock">Bourse Stock</a></li><li><a href="/branch-banking-see.php" title="Branch Banking See" alt="Branch Banking See">Branch Banking See</a></li><li><a href="/broker-bill-see.php" title="Broker Bill See" alt="Broker Bill See">Broker Bill See</a></li><li><a href="/budget-formal.php" title="Budget Formal" alt="Budget Formal">Budget Formal</a></li><li><a href="/budget-contd-condensed.php" title="Budget Contd Condensed" alt="Budget Contd Condensed">Budget Contd Condensed</a></li><li><a href="/budget-contd-it.php" title="Budget Contd It" alt="Budget Contd It">Budget Contd It</a></li><li><a href="/buffer-stocks-held.php" title="Buffer Stocks Held" alt="Buffer Stocks Held">Buffer Stocks Held</a></li><li><a href="/building-lease-see.php" title="Building Lease See" alt="Building Lease See">Building Lease See</a></li></ul></div>
<div class="clr"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="footer">
<div class="footer_resize">
<p class="lf">© Copyright 2018 | <a href="mailto:contact@consumeraffairs.org.uk">contact@consumeraffairs.org.uk
</a> |<a href="http://www.economics.ox.ac.uk/" title="Economics" target="_blank"> Economics</a> | <a href="https://www.sandrajonaspublishing.com/">Sandra Blackbush Publishing Unlimited</a> | One Heddon Street | Mayfair | London | W1B 4BD | Consumer Affairs was a not-for-profit organisation offering free advice about debt and money management via guides and reports on its website. </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
var _gaq = _gaq || [];
_gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-31916544-1']);
_gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);
(function() {
var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true;
ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
})();
</script><script>
(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){
(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),
m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)
})(window,document,'script','https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');
ga('create', 'UA-87073664-1', 'auto');
ga('send', 'pageview');
</script></body>
</html>